|
The guns were grouped in pairs, each pair of
guns flanking a magazine. The magazines are brick-vaulted
structures made bombproof by a mound of earth, with access
to the guns on each side through a concrete tunnel of shuttered
construction. From each side of the tunnel a shell store and
a cartridge store opens out - each side serving its own gun.
The separate lamp passages encircling the magazines, as found
in the Nothe, to prevent any naked lights entering the magazines
themselves, are not present, the access corridor acting as
the lamp passage. The magazines are ventilated by air-bricks
connecting with the access tunnel and ceiling vents connecting
with ventilators passing from the roof of the access tunnel
through the earth mound to the surface. By 1893 this type
of Battery had become sufficiently established for an illustration
and description to be included in the new edition of the Textbook
of Fortification and Military Engineering, and a sample was
constructed at the Shoeburyness artillery ranges for instructional
purposes.
The old rapid-burning propellant generated clouds
of smoke; this tell-tale was less of a disadvantage for a
high- angle Battery firing from a position concealed behind
a cliff. The Verne Quarry emplacements followed the textbook
design. The shells and cartridges were brought to the muzzles
of the guns, at their loading angle of 30 degrees, by the
use of a ramp and davits; a narrowgauge railway ran around
the edge of the emplacement to receive the shells from the
davit and transport them to the muzzle. Ring-bolts were set
into the walls for lifting tackle; all guns had to be manhandled
into position and a regular exercise for Garrison Artillery
was the removing and replacing of heavy gun barrels. Although
the weapons had a 360 degree traverse the rotation of the
gun (by hand) was not a speedy operation and the emplacements
were therefore arranged so as to face the likeliest direction
of attack. Three were arranged to fire eastwards and the fourth
in a southerly direction; through rotating the guns through
90 degrees from its extreme loading position fire could be
brought to bear on West Bay but this was clearly not thought
of as a regular function of the Battery. All the emplacements
have been subsequently modified and adapted, as will be seen.
The southerly position was probably intended to cover a key
element in the Fortress, the pumping station at Chene which
supplied the Verne with water, a remarkable and probably unique
survival of a fortified pumping station, made bomb proof by
mounding earth in the same way as the magazines. By 1895 Verne
Quarry Battery currently mounted 3 high angle guns in the
four emplacements and a total of 6 were proposed, an addition
of 2 to the original establishment. This involved a major
rebuilding of the Battery.
The High Angle Battery, Second Stage
A number of position-finding and range-finding
equipments had been developed during the 1880's and the operation
of the High Angle Battery, in particular, would have been
impossible without them. A sketch preserved in the Royal Engineers'
Library shows eight position finding Stations in the Weymouth
and Portland area; the NE face of the Verne ( Harbour ), SE
Face ( Quarry ), W face ( Chesil ), SE glacis, Nothe Common,
Nothe, Nothe Garden, Breakwater and Weare. Each of these Stations
comprised several position finding cells. The Battery was
reconstructed in 1898 (again, the only evidence for this is
a date-stone on the war shelter between the two original pairs
of guns ) and four new emplacements were constructed between
the original ones. The two outermost emplacements were rehandled;
the holdfasts for the guns, the rails around the edge of the
gun pit and the four recessed ringbolts in the emplacement
walls were removed, and all made good by re-concreting. The
position of the holdfast can be clearly discerned, as can
part of the rails on the southernmost emplacement. Had these
two emplacements simply been abandoned all this work would
have been unnecessary. They had, in fact, almost certainly
been altered to house 6 inch howitzers; these weapons were
on field carriages and were wheeled into position when required.
Two 6 inch BL howitzers had been approved for the Verne in
1898, and doubtless these were the weapons involved. The holdfasts
would have been an obstacle and the ring-bolts redundant,
as these weapons did not have to be erected and dismantled
by ropes and gyns. The weapons would have counted as part
of the armament of the Verne and not been reckoned as part
of the Battery. Four new HA emplacements were constructed
between the inner pair of emplacements, all aligned in straight
line facing east. A War Shelter was built behind these, with
two store/workshop buildings to the rear of it. A rail system
to serve the Battery was inserted, running from the magazines;
the howitzer emplacements did not need to be rail-served so
no rail connection was provided for them. Rails connect both
magazines; a pair of points at the northern end lead up a
ramp and via a bridge and turntable to a straight track running
at a tangent to the emplacements. Rails ran round the edge
of each emplacement, connected by points with the straight
track. It will be noted that there is no direct connection
between the southern magazine and the track which served the
loading platform. This can be explained if the functions of
the two magazines were differentiated following the rebuilding
of the Battery, with the northern one housing the heavy shells,
which had to be railed to the muzzles of the guns, and the
southern one the cartridges, which traveled at ground level
to the rear of the guns and were then manhandled and hoisted
up to the loading platform.
Each emplacement is provided with two expense
magazines recessed into concrete walls separating the emplacements;
all the metal doors have been robbed. The War Shelter is a
simple shuttered concrete tunnel, with access at each end
and by two ramps to the gun positions. There is no provision
for lighting and no roof venting, in keeping with its emergency
function. Electricity was supplied to the Battery, presumably
from the Verne, as no generator room appears to have been
provided, and the chasing away of some surface concrete to
allow the cables access to recessed junction boxes and light
switches survives on the dividing walls between the emplacements.
No significant fittings appear to remain within the two rather
grand Artillery Stores, which are slightly differentiated
architecturally, for unknown reasons.
|