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Ecology of Portland Harbour
Below Low Tide
Index of Species
Low Tide Rockpools
Mid Tide Rockpools
Rocky Shelf
Strand Line
Sustainable Rockpooling

 
 
 
Home / Natural world / Ecology of Portland Harbour
 
Below Low Tide
 
Source: Derek McCoy and Andrew Flack of Weymouth College (see below).
         
This is the busiest area of the seashore because conditions here are favourable to a variety of animals and seaweeds. This is because, being below the low-water mark, it never dries out, so animals don't have to adapt to survive periods without water. For the same reason, there is stiff competition amongst the inhabitants of this fertile zone.
         

Plantlife

  • The plants you can find here include Eelgrass, which as its name suggests is long, green, and flowing in appearance, and is easily recognised, so there's not much danger of confusing it with the other sort of seaweed you're likely to find at this level.
  • Kelp. This is brownish-olive in colour. There are two main species: Sea Belt, with a crinkled spearhead-shaped leaf on a short stem, and Oarweed, with a broad, flat, deeply fringed leaf also on a stem.
  • The third type is the red algae, such as Caragheen, distinguishable by their colour. These seaweeds are at the bottom of the food chain.
 
Caragheen
         
Cowries
 

Shellfish

Next up the food chain are the shellfish, which graze on the seaweed.

  • Winkles are small molluscs which live in a pointy spiral shell.
  • The small, seed shaped shells with the toothy grin belong to one or other of the Cowries, either Spotted or the English. They also graze on seaweed.
         

Hunters

  • The Dogwhelk, by contrast is a hunter, and preys upon the Blue Mussel, or the white wart-like Barnacle. In fact you can tell which he prefers, because the mussel-eaters become dark, and the barnacle eaters become white. If they have a mixed diet they will actually become stripy!
  • The Corkwing Wrasse, is another shell-fish eater - a small (a few inches) greenish-brown fish. It has a deep, flat body and a dark spot at the base of the tail.
 
Corkwing Wrasse
         

Scavengers

  • The Velvet Swimming Crab is a dark blue, and, as its name suggests, velvety creature, and it has an array of sharp, horn-like projections either side of its face. It is a scavenger.
  • Easily distinguished by its long spidery legs and overall reddish-orange colour is the Spider Crab. Some species can grow quite large and are edible (but don't try taking them home!).
 
This page was produced by Derek McCoy and Andrew Flack of Weymouth College.
Photos by Bob Ford copyright Nature Portfolio Image Library
Photos may be copied for educational purposes only.
 
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